Introduction
Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common emergent condition, accounting for 7% to 8% of acute medical admissions. In the United States, upper GI bleeding (UGIB) leads to an average of 300,000 admissions per year and has a mortality rate that ranges from 2% to 15%.1,2 EGD represents the mainstay diagnostic tool for suspected UGIB. However, timely EGD can be a challenging resource to access during non-business hours. A novel bleeding sensor system (PillSense; EnteraSense, Galway, Ireland) was developed to facilitate triage of patients with suspected UGIB. The swallowed optical sensor (SOS) capsule is not yet Food and Drug Administration approved and is limited to investigational use only in the United States. The first in-human trials of the SOS system demonstrated the safety and accuracy of this minimally invasive novel method in detection of UGIB.3,4
The bleeding sensor system consists of a disposable SOS capsule (Fig. 1) and an external receiver (Fig. 2). The SOS capsule is a minimally invasive, single-use device designed to detect blood in the stomach. Detection of blood in the stomach is used for evaluating the presence of UGIB. The SOS capsule features an optical sensor that detects the presence of blood by measuring the absorption of multiple wavelengths of light. The SOS capsule was calibrated such that a spectrum of wavelength ranging from red blood through older coffee-ground colored material will be interpreted by the device as blood being present. The data are then wirelessly transmitted to the external receiver and processed by an algorithm to determine if blood is present. No endoscopic images are transmitted via the capsule. The receiver interprets the data and displays a result message of “Blood detected” or “No blood detected.” The capsule is designed to withstand the mechanical forces and chemical environment of the digestive system and thus will make its way through the GI tract and is then passed naturally from the body. The step-by-step instructions for usage of the bleeding sensor system are described in this video (Video 1, available online at www.giejournal.org).
Read the full Study: https://www.videogie.org/article/S2468-4481(22)00151-5/fulltext
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